Does the answer from Gorfmaster1 at https://community.spiceworks.com/topic/2319957-change-windows-10-pro-lockscreen-via-registry work for you?
Change Lock Screen Windows 10 via Registry using PowerShell
I am trying to change the lock screen on a windows 10 machine from the registry using a powershell script. I got the script from another forum. From most of googling involving the registry it seems the path to set the lock screen is from: HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Personalization. When I went to this pathway there was no \Personalization folder under windows so I just created the new key. IDK if this might be an issue in itself. BUT, I did notice that the \Personalization folder did exist in another pathway: HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Personalization. But when I ran my script with this pathway listed it did not make any changes to the registry. So I ran the script with the pathway that everyone on google says to use and while it did make the changes in registry upon restarting the computer the lock screen did not change. (PLEASE HELP)
See Script below:
$path = "HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\Personalization"
$img = "C:\Windows\Help\BG\02.jpg"
Set-ItemProperty -Path $path -Name LockScreenImage -value $img
New-ItemProperty -Path $path -Name 'NoLockScreenChange' -Value 1 -PropertyType DWord