Yes no real way to automate the update process - at the moment you have to deploy a custom package - https://itwalkthroughs.com/knowledge-base/deploy-adobe-reader-updates-via-intune/
Deploying Adobe Reader from MS Store - some challenges

Pavel yannara Mirochnitchenko
12,781
Reputation points MVP
So I started test new MS store integration with Intune and deployed Adobe Reader to test machines. I see two challeges here;
- If computer has existing, old version of Adobe Reader, MS store deployment will not upgrade it, only marked as installed. Basically it means that detection method does not compare versions.
- New computer which gets Adobe Reader, the Store version, the version is not latest. If I then open the Reader and check for update, it will offer new update to install. Store version is 22.003.20282 and latest available is 22.003.20322
Feels like not mature solution yet?