You can use them, you simply wont be able to receive messages from external addresses. And no, no workarounds. DBEB does not support MEPF objects, their corresponding addresses are never synchronized, so any external messages addressed to them will be blocked.
If you have on-premises MEPF, then you can use the AAD Connect's feature that enables support for DBEB, as detailed here: https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/exchange-team-blog/office-365-directory-based-edge-blocking-support-for-on-premises/ba-p/606740
But that only applies to on-premises MEPF.