Hello Stefano,
You mention "Samba" (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samba_(software)) in your message, but this might just be a misunderstanding of the name - Samba is an implementation of the SMB protocol used by non-Windows systems. All of the systems in your set-up seem to be running various versions of Windows.
Such long delays (30 seconds) are probably due to waiting for "some" response from the network, but not necessarily just SMB traffic (on TCP port 445) - it might be something to do with DNS, DFS, or many other things.
The first thing that I would do would be to capture all network traffic from the client when an application is about to start, without using any capture filters or preconceptions about what might be happening and then try to understand the captured traffic once an example of a long delay has been captured.
Gary