Hello @Marc Hasenfratz,
Thanks for reaching out!
Can you please decode your access token using jwt.ms and check if it is an application or delegated access. You can validate it using the scp(delegated) or roles(application) properties in the access token. Creating conversation thread using Graph API is not supported with application permission type.
So, I suggest you to generate a new delegated access token in power automate and try this API. Please follow the steps in the below document to get access token: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/graph/auth-v2-user#authorization-request
Hope this helps.
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