Teams chat messages are located through eDiscovery.
You can conduct an eDiscovery investigation with Microsoft Teams content by this article: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/compliance/get-started-core-ediscovery?view=o365-worldwide.
For more details, please refer to https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoftteams/ediscovery-investigation.
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