Restart the Mailbox Assistant service on the server and see if the files are regenerated and that whenchanged date is updated and try to download the OAB from Outlook.
If this is DAG, move the database that holds the OAB arbitration mailbox to another server and restart the Mailbox Assistant service on that server and see if new OAB files are generated
https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/exchange-team-blog/managing-oab-in-exchange-server-2013/ba-p/596924
Get-Mailbox -Arbitration | where {$_.PersistedCapabilities -like "oab"} | ft name,database
If not:
Try creating a new Offline Address Book, its real simple and easy to test:
New-OfflineAddressBook -Name "OAB_Contoso" -AddressLists "\Default Global Address List"
Then:
Set the mailbox database to use that new OAB:
Set-MailboxDatabase "Mailbox Database01" -OfflineAddressBook "OAB_Contoso"
Then:
get-offlineaddressbook | update-offlineaddressbook
Then:
Restart the Mailbox Assistant service
Then:
See if the files are created for the NEW OAB under the directory for the new OAB GUID
%ExchangeInstallPath%ClientAccess\OAB\<OAB GUID>
Wait about 15 minutes, then try to download the Offline Address Book from Outlook client.