Hi mark severs,
Thanks for posting in the Q&A forum. Since externally invited accounts do not have (nor are supported) with mailboxes.
External access - A feature that allows users to find, call, and chat with people who have Microsoft identities, including those from other organizations.
Guest access - A feature that allows you to invite people from outside your organization to join a team. Guests can also call, chat, and meet with people in your organization and you can share files and folders with them. Invited people get an Azure AD B2B collaboration guest account in your directory.
As can also be seen in the List Messages documentation:
Get the messages in the signed-in user's mailbox (including the Deleted Items and Clutter folders).
Further in some testing when attempting to retrieve messages on an external user using the object ID GUID the following message is seen.
GET https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/users/{External User Object ID}/messages
Response 404:
{
"error": {
"code": "MailboxNotEnabledForRESTAPI",
"message": "The mailbox is either inactive, soft-deleted, or is hosted on-premise."
}
}