I had the same problem with the boot image. The required components look like they are there, but they are not. There seems to be some compatibility issue with the ADK on the server. They need to be added manually, for example I added them with a cmd script:
Dism /Mount-Image /ImageFile:"%~DP0boot.wim" /index:1 /MountDir:"%~DP0mount"
SET ADKP="\sccm01\d$\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Assessment and Deployment Kit\Windows Preinstallation Environment\amd64\WinPE_OCs\
pause
Dism /image:"%~DP0mount" /Add-Package /PackagePath:%ADKP%WinPE-HTA.cab"
Dism /image:"%~DP0mount" /Add-Package /PackagePath:%ADKP%WinPE-DismCmdlets.cab"
Dism /image:"%~DP0mount" /Add-Package /PackagePath:%ADKP%WinPE-WDS-Tools.cab"
Dism /image:"%~DP0mount" /Add-Package /PackagePath:%ADKP%WinPE-Dot3Svc.cab"
Dism /image:"%~DP0mount" /Add-Package /PackagePath:%ADKP%WinPE-NetFx.cab"
Dism /image:"%~DP0mount" /Add-Package /PackagePath:%ADKP%WinPE-PowerShell.cab"
Dism /image:"%~DP0mount" /Add-Package /PackagePath:%ADKP%WinPE-Scripting.cab"
Dism /image:"%~DP0mount" /Add-Package /PackagePath:%ADKP%WinPE-SecureBootCmdlets.cab"
Dism /image:"%~DP0mount" /Add-Package /PackagePath:%ADKP%WinPE-WMI.cab"
pause
Dism /Unmount-Image /MountDir:"%~DP0mount" /commit
pause