Thank you for posting your query on Microsoft Q&A, From above description I could understand that your end users are getting "mddprov account has removed your workplace account" message, you have Intune (with limited settings enabled). Kindly try suggestion as per https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/1191087/azure-mddprov-to-intune-question:
1,Are MDM and MAM user scope both enabled for all users (or the same groups of users)? If yes, for Windows BYOD devices, the MAM user scope takes precedence, so the device will not be MDM enrolled and not be visible in Intune.
2,We can try to turn off MAM user scope, delete the device from Azure AD, disconnect the account on the device, then connect it again, and join to Azure AD and enroll to Intune.
For more information, please refer to:
Set up automatic enrollment for Windows devices
The Battle Between AADJ and AADR
Please do let me know if you have any queries in comments section.
Thanks,
Akshay Kaushik
Please "Accept the answer" (Yes), and share your feedback if the suggestion answers you’re your query. This will help us and others in the community as well.