@Matthew Rangitaawa , Thank you for posting this question on Microsoft Q&A.
This feature of selectively including updates based on software/product which are part of OS is not available with Azure Automation Update management or with the newer Update Management Center. The only way to categorically use filter on package is based on the package classification (Critical, Security etc.). As you rightly mentioned, you may use the KBIDs to exclude specific packages with update management schedules.
I would suggest posting this as an idea on the feedback forum for "update management center" so that it can be considered in future - Update Management Feedback
Hope this helps.