@Spike Thanks for reaching out to Microsoft Q&A, apologize for any inconvenience caused on this.
Based on the shared description, we have understood that you are trying to create a new workflow in one of existing standard logic app through ARM template.
Standard logic app underlyingly uses app service plan, when you deploy your workflow from local machine (using visual studio code or through zip deploy) as a part of deployment process it will delete existing workflow content and will deploy the new workflow related code only which results in losing the existing workflows.
To achieve your requirement, you need to create a custom solution using visual studio and version control system like GitHub repo /azure DevOps repro to maintain your standard logic app workflow code.
Every time when you are creating the workflow you will be cloning the existing content from the git repo to local and then committing those changes and publish it to logic app (using standard logic app extension) which will redeploy all the workflow of your logic app.
You can refer to these documentations on setting up DevOps deployment for standard logic apps and creating workflows in standard logic app through visual studio.
Feel free to reach back to me if you have any further questions on this.