Hi @burns
Shared Access Signatures are time-limited. Once the end time has passed, the SAS URL will no longer work. Try to generate a new SAS URL and see if you can access the resource with that.
Try to check the firewall on Storage Account:
If you enable the option "Enabled from selected virtual network and IP address" means the firewall is enabled:
You also can create a custom role and give the necessary permission to download the vhd:
Go to Subscription -> IAM -> Add -> Add Custom role:
Select Microsoft.Compute/disks/Action:
You can also remove the authentication mode by unchecking the option when creating the URL:
Get in touch if you need more help with this issue.
--please don't forget to "[Accept the answer]" if the reply is helpful--