@JVelocity Thank you for reaching out to us, As I understand you are trying to install Azure AD Connect setup on Server 2019 operating system and unable to install it successfully, from the logs (shared in the question) - MSI (s) (88:FC) [14:13:23:816]: Product: Microsoft Azure AD Connect synchronization services -- Error 1723.There is a problem with this Windows Installer package. A DLL required for this install to complete could not be run. Contact your support personnel or package vendor. Action CheckFileSystem, entry: CheckFileSystem, library: C:\WINDOWS\Installer\MSI111C.tmp
It seems there is an issue with the corrupt installation, found this post where similar error/issue has been addressed.
Would recommend to follow these steps and check if it helps to resolve this issue.
Let me know if you have any further questions, feel free to post back.
Please remember to "Accept Answer" if answer helped, so that others in the community facing similar issues can easily find the solution.