Hi @Johannes Jaeger ,
Welcome to Microsoft Q&A!
1. Is there any way to add additional docker run arguments like in the Debug Properties?
It is not supported to add docker run parameters currently. You can vote on this ticket and add your comment.
2. Is the remote testing also working with a docker-compose file?
It is not supported currently. It has been reported to product team. You can track the process.
3. Can I build & run the container myself and tell Visual Studio to execute the remote test on this container?
You can refer to this similar issue and it might help.
Sincerely,
Anna
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