To answer your First question-
To access Azure SQL Database from a machine that does not have access to the open internet, you can use Azure Private Link. Azure Private Link allows you to access Azure services (such as Azure SQL Database) over a private endpoint within your virtual network. This means that your traffic stays within the Azure network and does not go over the public internet.
Here is detailed document for your reference - https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/private-endpoint-overview?view=azuresql
To answer your Second question- It seems you would like to create an empty logical Azure SQL Server. I believe you can create that.
Seach for "SQL Server" in the search bar and create a logical server.
Hope this helps!
Thank you.