An Azure relational database service.
Compare the execution plans for both the db_owner and the db_datareader roles. You can do this by enabling the "Include Actual Execution Plan" option in SSMS or using the SET STATISTICS XML ON command. If it's a non-production environment or you can afford to do it, try clearing the plan cache and see if that levels the performance between the two roles.
DBCC FREEPROCCACHE