Depending on the actual .NET Framework version your Windows Server 2019 server has, you can find releases notes from Microsoft on what are the documented changes that might affect application compatibility,
https://github.com/microsoft/dotnet/blob/main/releases/net47/dotnet47-changes.md
Since each application can consume a unique API surface, it is impossible to tell which items might affect yours.
The general recommendation is to develop a suite of regression test cases, so that once the migration to Windows Server 2019 finishes, your team can run it and identify the issues swiftly.