I see this:
FCB::Open failed: Could not open file d:\dbs\sh\s19s\0924_133725\cmd\2\obj\x64retail\sql\mkmastr\databases\mkmastr.proj\MSDBData.mdf for file number 1. OS error: 3(The system cannot find the path specified.).
That is, SQL Server cannot find the database files for msdb. There is a similar message for the model database. If you tell me that you don't have a D: drive, I will believe you. I have seen this condition before. I assume that Setup somehow has failed to update the master database with the correct path and the path we see is a template taken from some build machine at Microsoft.
Unfortunately, although I've seen other forum posters encounter this error, I don't know why this happens and what is the resolution. Possibly you have made multiple installation attempts, and the original error may have been lost.
Can you attempt to uninstall this instance, and then install a new instance? That is, select a new instance name. (Each instance is its own installation, basically.) If this new instance fails, don't re-attempt, but share the ERRORLOG if you have one. Also share Detail.txt.