At a minimum you need to encrypt the audit columns with the same key and in the same way (Randomized or deterministic.) I am not fully sure that it will work, but I am short on time, and I don't have the time to test. But if things are not set up correctly, you will get an error when you insert, or when you create the trigger.
(Ben, since I have been answering several of David's questions recently, I know that he is looking at Always Encrypted.)