Additional SQL Server features and topics not covered by specific categories
This appears to be the key line:
PerfLib 2.0 counter removal failed with exit code 2. Command line: C:\WINDOWS\system32\unlodctr.exe /m:hkengperfctr.xml from directory C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\160\Shared.
Error 2 is usually "File not found". Can you check whether you have a file C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\160\Shared\hkengperfctr.xml?
Then again, my reading of the log file is that although this operation fails, Setup still seems to jog along and complete its work. Which kind of making sense, because the PerfCounter removal is not likely to be critical.
Have you tried connecting to one of your quite many SQL Server instances? What do you see in the SQL Server Configuration Manager?
(Also, please use comments to post any answers to my question. The Answer window is for answers to the original problem.)