Yes as far as I can see App service doesn't store the digest anywhere other than the docker logs that are accessible to you - unless you use the image hash value as part of the identifier
Example
'<my container registry>/<name>:<digest>'
I've used the above convention with Web Apps + Azure Container Registry where the digest value replaces the tag. For docker a pull with digest (not tag) requires the form
'docker pull name@sha256:digest'
More generally; what you are experiencing is one of the issues of using the latest tag which is considered a bit of an anti-pattern by a number of folks in the community
There's loads of blog posts and comments on this, I've grabbed one at random here https://vsupalov.com/docker-latest-tag/
Referencing the image by digest isn't super readable - but using a versioning strategy with the tag is less brittle than relying on "latest" (or similar convention).