There is no definitive list of all possible alerts that could be returned. This is the case for most weather services as the types of weather alert categories has been evolving/growing over time. Here is a list of some of the types of weather categories I've seen for severe weather from NOAA:
911 Telephone Outage
Administrative Message
Air Quality Alert
Air Stagnation Advisory
Arroyo and Small Stream Flood Advisory
Ashfall Advisory
Ashfall Warning
Avalanche Advisory
Avalanche Warning
Avalanche Watch
Beach Hazards Statement
Blizzard Warning
Blizzard Watch
Blowing Dust Advisory
Brisk Wind Advisory
Child Abduction Emergency
Civil Danger Warning
Civil Emergency Message
Coastal Flood Advisory
Coastal Flood Statement
Coastal Flood Warning
Coastal Flood Watch
Dense Fog Advisory
Dense Smoke Advisory
Dust Storm Warning
Earthquake Warning
Evacuation - Immediate
Excessive Heat Warning
Excessive Heat Watch
Extreme Cold Warning
Extreme Cold Watch
Extreme Fire Danger
Extreme Wind Warning
Fire Warning
Fire Weather Watch
Flash Flood Statement
Flash Flood Warning
Flash Flood Watch
Flood Advisory
Flood Statement
Flood Warning
Flood Watch
Freeze Warning
Freeze Watch
Freezing Fog Advisory
Freezing Rain Advisory
Freezing Spray Advisory
Frost Advisory
Gale Warning
Gale Watch
Hard Freeze Warning
Hard Freeze Watch
Hazardous Materials Warning
Hazardous Seas Warning
Hazardous Seas Watch
Hazardous Weather Outlook
Heat Advisory
Heavy Freezing Spray Warning
Heavy Freezing Spray Watch
High Surf Advisory
High Surf Warning
High Wind Warning
High Wind Watch
Hurricane Force Wind Warning
Hurricane Force Wind Watch
Hurricane Local Statement
Hurricane Warning
Hurricane Watch
Hydrologic Advisory
Hydrologic Outlook
Ice Storm Warning
Lake Effect Snow Advisory
Lake Effect Snow Warning
Lake Effect Snow Watch
Lake Wind Advisory
Lakeshore Flood Advisory
Lakeshore Flood Statement
Lakeshore Flood Warning
Lakeshore Flood Watch
Law Enforcement Warning
Local Area Emergency
Low Water Advisory
Marine Weather Statement
Nuclear Power Plant Warning
Radiological Hazard Warning
Red Flag Warning
Rip Current Statement
Severe Thunderstorm Warning
Severe Thunderstorm Watch
Severe Weather Statement
Shelter In Place Warning
Short Term Forecast
Small Craft Advisory
Small Craft Advisory For Hazardous Seas
Small Craft Advisory For Rough Bar
Small Craft Advisory For Winds
Small Stream Flood Advisory
Special Marine Warning
Special Weather Statement
Storm Warning
Storm Watch
Test
Tornado Warning
Tornado Watch
Tropical Depression Local Statement
Tropical Storm Local Statement
Tropical Storm Warning
Tropical Storm Watch
Tsunami Advisory
Tsunami Warning
Tsunami Watch
Typhoon Local Statement
Typhoon Warning
Typhoon Watch
Urban and Small Stream Flood Advisory
Volcano Warning
Wind Advisory
Wind Chill Advisory
Wind Chill Warning
Wind Chill Watch
Winter Storm Warning
Winter Storm Watch
Winter Weather Advisory
As for your second question, the alert areas property is an array of objects. Each of these objects provide details about a single area. So the alert area would be something like [ { name: "first area", ...}, {name: "second area", ... }]