@Damian992 Thank you for reaching out to us, As I understand you are trying to troubleshoot Error code: 0x80072ee7 coming randomly on the windows devices while updating defender engine.
Researched on this error, seems to be network issue which is causing the device to communicate with the Microsoft Defender Antivirus cloud service. Do you have any proxy configured on the device?
Would recommend to run this command on the device having this issue
MpCmdRun.exe -ValidateMapsConnection and a simultaneous network trace might give some hint on what is happening on the network layer.
Also executing this cmd - Mpcmdrun.exe -ValidateMapsConnection -MpCmdRunWithTracing will collect etl trace (do share the etl trace (in a zip format over here email to 'AzCommunity@microsoft.com' with Sub - Attn: Givary ).
Download the Microsoft Defender for Endpoint client analyzer - this will help to troubleshoot network connectivity issues.
Let me know if you have any further questions, feel free to reach out to me over email we can connect offline for further troubleshooting.