Hey,
You can make a cluster rolling update from Windows Server 2012R2 to Windows Server 2016. You need to update your nodes one by one. Backup cluster database and roles on the cluster, move all the roles to one of the nodes, evict "empty" node from the cluster, update it, configure and add back to the cluster. Repeat steps on the other node. Should help: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/failover-clustering/cluster-operating-system-rolling-upgrade
In addition, you can use Starwinds VSAN on your nodes to make replicated shared storage for the cluster to avoid downtime. https://www.starwindsoftware.com/starwind-virtual-san
Cheers,
Alex Bykovskyi
StarWind Software
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