@Jose Ortiz,Thanks for posting in Q&A.
From you description, I know that you want to customize teams background via PowerShell but get an issue that old profile will not get updated images.
For old configuration file, the detection rule detected that the file already existed, therefore it will not download the new configuration file and background image. Please check the detection rule in Intune and check IME log on targeted devices and share them with us.
Thanks for your kind understanding.
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