It may be that the version you're running now used a MSIX to install, but the newer version uses MSI (or some other combination of installers). Or it may be one of the other things found in this problem:
https://github.com/microsoft/winget-cli/discussions/2155
Try this (mentioned in the 14 Nov 2022 post at the bottom of the above thread): winget install Microsoft.PowerShell -v 7.3.0.0
--but substitute the version number to which you want upgrade to.
Also, is the "winget" you're using the most recent version?