There's a bit hacky method to actually get the token for a managed identity in ADF. In order to do that, you need to use either an external HTTP request mirror service or make an internal one (which is relatively easy using, say, Logic Apps or Azure Functions). Here's a working example I just tested:
The external HTTP request mirror I used (disclaimer: don't do this in production!) is https://apichallenges.herokuapp.com/mirror/request
The result I got is:
Authorization: Bearer eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJSUz****lHbW55RlBraGMzaE91UjIybXZTd******I6IjlHbW55RlBraG***uTG83WSJ9.eyJhdWQiOiJodHR
which you can use for your nefarious needs.