Thanks for reaching out to Microsoft Q&A.
There is no such option available to recover old backups.
I lost all my passwords and two-factor codes
You can check with your application source (microsoft in this case?) and try to reset a new password as the authenticator app is a medium for logging in, used by both service provider and the user.
Please 'Upvote'(Thumbs-up) and 'Accept' as answer if the reply was helpful. This will be benefitting other community members who face the same issue.