Hello Pravalika,
Thanks for asking your question in this forum.
Regarding your question, as I know, Azure Data Factory (ADF) supports using SSH keys for authentication when connecting to an SFTP server, but dual-factor authentication (using both SFTP user ID and SSH public key) may not be supported.
I suggest using AZURE KEY VAULT to store SSH PK and SFTP user ID credentials.
You can visit the link below. It describes the steps on how to use manage Identity and assign a user, then set credentials for that.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-factory/credentials?tabs=data-factory
Please let me know if you have further questions.
Regards
Zahra