Yes, it is possible.
First define the schema that you want to apply where you specify the structure of the dataset, including the data types and columns you want to include.
You can parameterize the schema in a way that allows dynamic adaptation based on the source data.
This could be achieved through scripting or by using Azure Synapse's built-in tools.
You can later create a mapping data flow where you can specify the source, the sink (where the data will be loaded), and the transformations, which include applying your schema.
Here is more in the documentation :
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-factory/parameters-data-flow