The cmdlet does allow filtering per device, though executing it that way will take a lot more time. Just in case, here's how to do it:
Get-MgInformationProtectionBitlockerRecoveryKey -Filter "DeviceId eq '05ab7c00-ea9d-4c1b-8dc2-ef539bf2a27b'"
I'd strongly recommend filtering the device list before passing it to the Get-MgInformationProtectionBitlockerRecoveryKey
cmdlet.