No, there is no way to export them. If you are worried about people using common or leaked passwords, enable the password protection feature: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/authentication/concept-password-ban-bad
It's not fully customizable, but it's the best you can get with Entra ID. Alternatively, you can use an auth method that redirects the process to your on-premises or federated identity provider, which will give you more freedom.