I tested by inviting a Protonmail account: Here I feel confident that no automatic AI will do the ALT-text . In other words: It must have been done before.
And the ALT-tag was also received on Protonmail.
I then tried inserting a new image, and the new image did not get the automatic ALT-text. Only the images in my signature got this.
When creating a new mail, I examined the icons of the signature, and here is the ALT-text. So it is either generated in the editor of Microsoft Outlook or the image already has the information.
Microsoft Outlook has an option for generating ALT text, and when clicking that it updates the ALT text with a new description. But only when I click.
So all in all it seems that the icons in my signature have been "born" with the ALT text: It is not generated for each mail. Instead the program that created these possibly did the automatic ALT text.
As long as you have to actively click a button to send the image to the ALT text generator, I can live with that.