Hello @Raina Zhao - MSFT ,
thank you for your message and excuse the long wait for my reply. I hope you are doing well in the new year After a lot of trial and error and wasting too much time on that matter, we did resolve the issue by renaming the edgeupdate.exe. Even though it still shows an error message, we just can't put more time into that issue.
The service was running with the same settings as your screenshot. For the gpresult file, the generated file is in german, so I don't think a screenshot is going to help. I did translate it via Google, but it's still Google :).
Best Regards, Andreas