Hi @Matthew Mutters ,
Based on the error code, it seems that there is something wrong with your Outlook profile. This can be caused by various reasons, such as corrupted data files, incompatible add-ins, or outdated software. If the issue continues, please try to create a new profile, and add your account to the new profile and check if the same error still occurs.
If the issue still exists, you can try to get rid of the Authenticator App. It only gets in the way. As soon as deleted the Authenticator App and then when you're prompted to verify the account you just need Microsoft to text you the password.
reference links: https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/outlook_com/forum/all/encountering-an-error-2002-when-trying-to-login-to/27bb90b3-d2fc-4d40-9edc-8635dce1ed82
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