
No. They are two different systems. OneDrive, AFAIK, only allows you to share folders/documents with: other users by email or via a link. The share limits are view and edit. It is very rudimentary. It works with anyone whether they have a Windows login or not since links can be shared via email.
Sharepoint, on the other hand, has more flexibility but it is generally tied to a network and therefore has access to all the AD infrastructure. You can, I believe, grant "guest" access to some things for those outside the network.