@KaelYao,
We've tried multiple accounts on multiple different devices, all the same result with the Outlook for iOS and Android app. In addition, it would take hours to get a NDR from the Outlook instead of our on premises Exchange servers on the mobile phone, that's why I think the Outlook for iOS and Android App does not connect directly to our on-premises Exchange servers.
Below is the NDR on the mobile device and the message headers of the original email.
Original message details
Created date: 11/8/2020 4:33:14 AM
Sender address: xxxxxxxxxxx
Recipient addresses: xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: 23:32
Technical details
MessageDeliveryFailedException: Could not deliver the message [len=70, data=00000000127228D3C9EAA949BFEC5FEBB957E45A070092857C233CCA064DA4A2473B41CA4EDA00000000010F000092857C233CCA064DA4A2473B41CA4EDA000000004B2F0000] sent at 11/8/2020 4:33:52 AM.
Failure code: f5f0
Message headers:
From: "xxxxxxxxxxx" <xxxxxxxxxxx>
To: "xxxxxxxxx" <xxxxxxxxxxx>
Subject: 23:32
Thread-Topic: 23:32
Thread-Index: AQHWtYhFMMfuEa1LLU6K//NKoXp+Xw==
X-MS-Exchange-MessageSentRepresentingType: 1
Date: Sun, 8 Nov 2020 04:33:52 +0000
Message-ID: <SN6PR17MB2640B2A16901656D268E8437F4EB0@SN6PR17MB2640.namprd17.prod.outlook.com>
Content-Language: en-US
X-MS-Has-Attach:
X-MS-Exchange-Organization-SCL: -1
X-MS-TNEF-Correlator:
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
boundary="_000_SN6PR17MB2640B2A16901656D268E8437F4EB0SN6PR17MB2640namp_"
MIME-Version: 1.0