VS 2010 is long out of support. Older versions of VS (prior to 2015 or so I believe) really stopped working on newer OS versions like Windows 10. There is no supported way, in general, to get them installed because of either components being removed that were required for them to work or changes to OS behavior that prevented them from being shimmed to work. Having said that some people have gotten it to work but we don't know if they had upgraded the OS, so older components were still available, or if they installed only certain features that happened to work. Irrelevant it isn't a supported product.
Why are you trying to install such an old and unsupported version of VS? You can download and use the free VS 2022 Community which most likely has the features you need. However if you're trying to open a really old project then the project may fail to upgrade at all or may partially succeed. Furthermore I notice in your install list is MVC 2 which isn't supported on newer OS versions either so if you were opening a web app then MVC 2 isn't going to work at all. You'd need at least MVC 4.