Vb.net 2005 is based on the .net 4 framework. Vb.net 2017 is the last version to support this framework (4.8). Converting to 2017 should just be updating to to runtime 4.8, and updating the nuget packages. There are a lot of runtime binding changes, so it might be easier to create a new 4.8 project, add nuget packages and source file.
To convert your app to higher than 2017 will depend on which libraries you used. Is there a .net core version? Again conversion is easiest by creating a new project and add sources and libraries.