@USI,Thanks for posting in Q&A.
From your description, I know you got trouble in Entra ID join devices.
I have done some research above this issue, here are some troubleshoot information you can refer.
https://call4cloud.nl/2023/01/something-went-wrong-fury-of-the-gods/
Non-official, just for reference.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/autopilot/troubleshoot-aad-join
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/devices/troubleshoot-device-windows-joined
Hope it will help.
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