Looks like a bad installation or corrupt components. Have you repaired the VS installation by rerunning the installer and selecting repair? Also repair the installations of .NET Framework 4.8.
If that doesn't help then run VS with logging enabled (devenv.exe /log <logpath
>. Then look at the log. Also look in the Event Viewer logs to see what it is reporting there.
If that still doesn't help then you might need to run the VS feedback tool to capture the error information so it can be sent to Microsoft.