jQuery doesn't care about your operating system, it doesn't even have access to it. The problem is either in your app code or the browser itself. Please clarify what browser you're using and the version in each environment. Also test your app using different browsers to determine what the behavior is.
My gut instinct is the problem is in your jQuery or a browser security setting. Set a breakpoint on the call to your API and on the response and error blocks. Then execute the code in your browser to see what the behavior is.