Hi @Ted Pichalski,
SharePoint Online uses claims-based authentication. SharePoint Online does not have a claim called or aliased as Anyone or Anonymous Access or something similar. So, there is no way to make a SharePoint Online site external public. Generally, we use external sharing to achieve external access in SharePoint Online. As per your description, I think SharePoint Online is not a good option in your scenario as SharePoint Online focus on team collaboration across an organization.
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