Hi @etb
Great to know that the issue has already been resolved and thanks for sharing the solution so that others experiencing the same thing can easily reference this! Since the Microsoft Q&A community has a policy that The question author cannot accept their own answer. They can only accept answers by others, I'll repost your solution in case you'd like to Accept the answer.
Case Title: Signing in to Teams when we are only a guest to multiple other tenants
Issue Symptom: we want to be able to log in to our Microsoft accounts and then navigate to one of the tenants in which we are a guest for Teams. But we basically can't log in at all, so we can't navigate to one of the other tenants.
Resolution: There are 21different "applications" which are all apparently associated with the functionalities of Microsoft Teams. I looked through the properties each of these "applications" in Entra ID, and I found that just 2 or 3 of them had the setting "Enabled for users to sign-in?" set to "No". Once I changed those to "Yes" and saved, then our affected user was able to sign in to Teams.
Thanks for your understanding and support.