I'm glad that you were able to resolve your issue and thank you for posting your solution so that others experiencing the same thing can easily reference this! Since the Microsoft Q&A community has a policy that "[The question author cannot accept their own answer. They can only accept answers by others] (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/support/accepted-answers#why-only-one-accepted-answer)**)", I'll repost your solution in case you'd like to "[Accept] (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/support/accepted-answers#accepted-answer-in-a-question-thread)**)" the answer.
Issue: Cannot access Intune and Entra ID portals on iOS device using Edge
Solution: 124.2478.89 update fixed the problem. Now you are able to access Entra and Intune portals again.
Please "Accept the answer" if the information helped you. This will help us and others in the community as well.