Hello
The permissions of all the USB drive files have been missing, right? Is there any lock icon in the USB drive (ensure it is not locked by bitlocker)?
I am not sure what is the exact takeown command you have used to take own of all the files.
Please try the following command. In addition to takeown, we could run icacls to assign the permissions at the same time.
takeown **/**R **/**A **/**F foldername
icacls foldername **/grant domain\Administrators:F/**T
If you have got all the permissions, there could be policies or third party usb restriction in the machine. We could try to plug in the usb drive to other machine then check or try different USB drive to this machine to verify this.
If the issue only occurred with the specific usb drive, we may consider to format the drive then check the issue again. Of course, this is the last option and the data in the usb drive could be cleared.