Hello Malvaro,
Thank you for posting your question in the Microsoft Q&A Community.
I understand you would like to know how to allow your Power Automate access to your key vault via private network access.
To resolve this, you need to know which IP address range the Power Automate connects from. You might want to get that by looking through this link
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/power-platform/admin/online-requirements
However, it might not be that easy to get this IP address. As a workaround, enable Azure key vault logging, set the network to public disabled, and try to initiate the connection. After some hours, you should have a log within the storage account to see from which network the power automation is trying to authenticate. Follow the link below to see the steps to create key vault logging.
https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/key-vault/general/howto-logging?tabs=azure-cli
You can also take a look at this StackOverflow thread which describes almost the same scenario.
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/74390962/how-to-connect-to-azure-vault-from-microsoft-flow
Let me know if further assistance is required.
Babafemi