Hello,
After some time searching I now have to post my question here.
We are currently in the process of migrating the Exchange accounts from on-prem to Exchange Online. We now have the annoying problem that the Outlook login window keeps asking for login details. This apparently happens when an account from the cloud accesses an on-prem account and vice versa. Unfortunately, setting “AlwaysUseMSOAuthForAutodiscover” to 1 in the registry doesn’t help. Modern authentication is activated on both on-prem and cloud. The tests on MS's test connectivity page look okay. But we can't get rid of it.
If I turn off cache mode, the pop-up doesn't appear, probably because nothing is being synchronized in the background.
On the on-prem side there is an Exchange 209 with CU13.
I hope someone here has an idea. We can always click away from the popup and then Outlook will connect again, but it's just very annoying.