You can refer to article https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/sql-insights-overview?view=azuresql
Or
You can enable the diagnostic settings for SQL database as stand alone and get below information.
However if you want to do anything custom, you might have to write some automation to read SQL tables and make them as https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-monitor/agents/data-sources-custom-logs so that agent can pick it up or send it to Log analytics workspace as customlogs using the data collector api.
Please be aware that you will be only able to query Log Analytics workspace using Kusto queries not T-SQL Query.
Note: If your SQL tables are huge or you are running production workload , the custom approaches might not be recommended.
Hope the above information helps. Please let us know if you need any further information. Thank you